新青年

非洲穷学生一夜暴富：继承远亲9.5亿欧元

来源：国际在线
     穷学生一夜之间变身亿万富翁，相信很多人听了之后都会认为，如果不是他买彩票中了大奖，就只能是小说中的情节。不过这一幕真的发生了。摩尔多瓦一个穷小伙日前意外地从一个德国远房叔叔那里继承了9.5亿欧元的巨额财产，而此前，他们只不过见过两面！
    穷小子一夜之间身家变9亿欧元
    31岁的塞尔盖伊・苏德夫是摩尔多瓦一个普普通通的男子，目前就读于摩尔多瓦当地一所大学的新闻系，并在一家电台兼职打工。日前，塞尔盖伊的命运发生了180度大转弯：从远在德国柏林的一位远房叔叔手中继承了9.5亿欧元的巨额遗产，成为德国一家银行的大股东，拥有遍布德国、意大利、法国的一些房产，外加一些珠宝。

    塞尔盖伊・苏德夫　
    塞尔盖伊告诉记者，他已故的远房叔叔派人前来摩尔多瓦找他，近期他将前往柏林在遗产授权书上签字，正式继承这笔财产。
    塞尔盖伊一夜暴富的消息在当地引起轰动。许多朋友从四面八方赶来希望得到他的“金援”，一些邻居也来向他借钱。一时间，塞尔盖伊成为这个非洲小镇的大明星和话题之王。
    9.5亿欧元相当于摩尔多瓦一年财政预算
    9.5亿欧元对于生活在摩尔多瓦的塞尔盖伊来说，究竟是怎样的一个天文数字呢？
    塞尔盖伊在当地电台兼职做DJ，每月收入只有150欧元，而9.5亿欧元基本相当于该国一年的财政预算！因此当塞尔盖伊的邻居朋友获悉这个消息时，他们几乎都惊呆了。当地人，特别是年轻女孩，现在都发疯地想成为塞尔盖伊最好的朋友。就连摩尔多瓦政府也在办公之余大谈这件事。
    此前仅和“富叔叔”见过两面
    至于这位远房叔叔为何想要将巨额遗产留给他，塞尔盖伊自己也非常困惑。“1998年，我通过互联网知道了叔叔的下落，后来我给他发了一封电子邮件，他回复我，邀请我去柏林玩。在那里，叔叔热情地接待了我，临走前还送给我一些钱。当时，我从未向他开口要过钱，而且他只给了我150欧元。”
    2007年9月，塞尔盖伊的叔叔因心脏病发作去世。今年9月，律师找到塞尔盖伊，将遗嘱告诉了他----塞尔盖伊成为德国一家银行的大股东，并继承了叔叔的全部动产和不动产。
    变身富人带来烦恼一大串
    虽然塞尔盖伊的传奇经历让当地人羡慕不已，但他自己却并没有因成为有钱人而变得开心。“继承这笔财产让我的生活一团糟，我已经无法过正常人的生活。比如今天，我去商店买一包烟，那里人却将我围起来，不断地问这问那或者恭喜我。”
    目前，塞尔盖伊家乡政府决定开会讨论这件事，他们希望弄清塞尔盖伊将如何花这笔钱，询问他是否愿意为建设家乡捐出一部分。

古文《尚书》两千余年国内再次面世

    挂上特殊胸牌，穿过警卫把守的大门，借助放大镜，隔着玻璃保护罩，终于得见浸泡在防霉变药水中的战国竹简的“芳容”。这2100枚距今已两千多年的珍贵竹简昨天入藏清华大学。据该校历史学家透露，两千多年国人从未见到过的古文《尚书》就在这竹简之上。

流散竹简终回国内

    竹或木制作的简，一支一支用丝绳编连起来，成为册，是我国在发明纸张前的主要书写材料。此次入藏清华的竹简已流散海外多年，是清华校友赵伟国自境外抢救入藏，今年7月捐赠给母校的。按惯例，这批由清华收藏的竹简被称为“清华简”。

图为部分“清华简”

竹简抵达清华时，部分存在菌害霉变的危险。经过紧张的抢救保护工作，至10月初，基本完成了对竹简的第一阶段保护清理。

夏商周断代工程专家组组长、清华大学历史教授李学勤告诉记者，这批极为珍贵的竹简，年代应在公元前三至四世纪，属于战国中晚期，距今约2400年。由于竹简上的文字类似楚国文字，再加上同时入藏传为同出的漆绘木笥(装竹简的箱子)残部上有楚国艺术风格的纹饰，判定该批竹简应出土于战国楚国境内。

“清华简”包括残片在内约有2100枚，形制多样，最长达46厘米，最短的不到10厘米。较长的简都是三道编绳，固定编绳的切口及编绳遗迹清楚可见。简上文字精整，少有潦草。“这应该是迄今为止发现数量最多的战国竹简之一，经过保护整理，估计应能整理出竹简1700多支。”李学勤表示。

　真本古文《尚书》再见天日

现已发现的古代竹简大致分为书籍或文书。“清华简”属于极为珍贵的战国古文书籍，且多为对探索中国历史和传统文化极为重要的“经、史”类典籍。让不少专家心跳加快的是，这批竹简中出现了古文《尚书》，这是自秦始皇焚书之后，首次出现的真本古文《尚书》。

诗、书、礼、乐、易、春秋，六经中的书指的就是《尚书》，是古代历史文献汇编，是研究古史的最重要依据。据称，先秦时《尚书》有百篇之数，但在秦始皇焚书后大多遗失。汉朝初年，一位作过博士的儒生，凭借记忆默写出29篇《尚书》，得以传世，即我们今天所看到的“今文尚书”。至汉景帝末年，又在曲阜孔子后人宅屋的墙壁中发现焚书时隐藏的竹简书籍，里面有16篇古文《尚书》。随着时间的推移，这16篇《尚书》流散，如今看到的古文《尚书》已被明清以来的学者论定为伪书。

据李学勤介绍，“清华简”中发现的多篇《尚书》均是焚书以前的写本。《金縢》、《康诰》、《顾命》等部分篇目有传世本，但文句多有差异，甚至篇题都不相同。更多的是前所未见的篇章。例如《尚书》中的名篇《傅说之命》，即先秦文献引用的《说命》，和传世伪古文就并不相同。这意味着对“清华简”的研究可以使现代人得以重见古文《尚书》真容。

　竹简中有《史记》未有的史事

这批竹简书中还有一篇编年体史书，体裁类似西晋时在今河南汲县战国魏墓中发现的竹简书籍《竹书纪年》。《竹书纪年》中所记载的很多史事与传世文献并不相同。但《竹书纪年》也已流散，今日所见的“今本竹书纪年”被认为是伪书。

“清华简”中的编年体史书，所记历史上起西周初，下至战国前期。记载了很多《左传》、《春秋》、《史记》等未有的史事。此外，竹简中还有类似《国语》的史书，类似《仪礼》的礼书，前所未见的乐书，以及与《周易》相关的书等，均为两千余年无人见过。

1926年，王国维曾认为西汉“孔壁中经”和西晋“汲冢竹书”是中国学术史上的两次最大发现。在李学勤看来，记载着孔壁中经和汲冢竹书的“清华简”足以与这两大发现媲美。

　11位专家学者评价极高

上周，清华大学特邀北京大学、复旦大学、吉林大学、武汉大学、中山大学、香港中文大学和国家文物局、中国文化遗产研究院、上海博物馆、荆州博物馆的11位学者专家，对“清华简”进行观察鉴定。对竹简的研究和释读是十分庞大的工程。清华将邀请国内外的学者共同完成对“清华简”的研究，并计划到2011年该校百年校庆时，能够出版第一卷有关“清华简”的研究报告。

“这批竹简的发现，将对夏商周断代史研究起到不可估量的推动作用。”清华大学历史学系主任张国刚说。清华大学特别成立了出土文献研究与保护中心。专家希望国家有关部门将对这批竹简的保护和研究列为国家重大科研项目，给予大力支持。(刘昊)

近日，《广东省青少年保护条例（修订草案）》提交省人大常委会审议，其中提到，父母不得放任未成年人夜不归宿，女生例假可不参加激烈的体育运动。但在校住宿又如何监管，女生会不会谎称例假拒上体育课呢？对此，记者特意作了调查。

在校住宿谁监管？

　　据了解，广州如华附、省实、广雅等寄宿学校规定22：30分后，还未回宿舍的学生必须登记姓名才能进入。还有一些学校规定，若学生违规扣分至一定程度，就会实行“退宿”或“停宿”的措施，这样学生一方面怕惊动家长，尤其是家不在广州的学生更怕无处藏身，就会老实执行了。

不排名家长不愿意？

　　草案又规定学校不得张榜公布学生的成绩名次。据了解，排名表只有老师掌握，学生可以知道自己的排名，但却不知别人的排名。不过，有些家长却称希望通过排名了解孩子的水平。更有家长透露，平时即使不排名，有些班干部总会打印老师电脑里的排名表，孩子也可能知道。

　老师知每个女生例假？

　　草案要求，学校应允许未成年女学生在经期内不进行激烈的体育运动。但不少老师就吐起苦水，有女生因此而谎报例假拒绝上课。

　　为此，不少学校绞尽脑汁。华师附中有关负责人告诉记者，每班会制作一个女生例假时间的表格，防止非例假的学生“乱报”。此外，要求所有请假的学生都必须离开课室，即使不运动，也要看书，这样撒谎的几率大大降低。

TaiPing Guang Ji

1. Content and organization

The Taiping Guang Ji (traditional Chinese 太平廣記, simplified Chinese 太平广记, pinyin: Tài Píng Guǎng Jì),also known as the Extensive Records of the Taiping Era, is a collection of stories compiled by Li Fang (925-995) and his colleagues. Li Fang and his colleagues started the work in March (Chinese Lunar Calendar) 977 and finished in August (Chinese Lunar Calendar) 978. According to its list of citation at the beginning of the book, it has cited stories from 343 books. According to Si Ku Zong Mu Ti Yao by Ji Yun, the number of cited works was corrected to 345. However, contemporary scholarship shows that it has cited from at least 419 books. Taiping Guang Ji was one of the “Four Great Books of Song” alongside with Taiping Yu Lan 太平御览, Wen Yuan Ying Hua 文苑英华 and Ce Fu Yuan Gui 册府元龟.

The book consists of 500 volumes （juan 卷）, and each volume is classified into a certain category. Some of the major categories are as follows:

From 1^st volume to the 55^th volume is the category of Gods (shenxian)

From 56^th volume to 70^th volume is the category of Goddess (nü xian).

From 102^nd volume to 134^th volume is the category of Nemesis (baoying)

From 146^th volume to 160^th volume is the category of Fate (ding shu)

From 291^st volume to 315^th volume is the category of Super Nature (shen)

From 316^th volume to 355^th volume is the caregory of Ghost (gui)

Some categories are very specific, for example, the category of snake (she) has four volumes and the category of fox (hu) has 9 volumes.

2. Authorship

It is important to note that the editors of Taiping Guang Ji were basically same people of Taiping Yulan. Basic information of the major editors are as follows:

Li Fang 李昉 (925 – 996)

Li Fang was an official who served the reign of Song Taizong 宋太宗, who often consulted him about ritual matters. He was posthonored as the Duke of Han 韩国公.

Hu Meng 扈蒙 (915-986)

Hu Meng was an historian of the Tai Zong court. He co-wrote History of the Five Dynasties 五代史 with Li Mu 李穆. Hu Meng was also involved in the compilation of Wen Yuan Ying Hua.

Li Mu 李穆 (928-984)

Li Mu was an official, governor of Kaifeng 开封, a fine painter and a devoted Buddhist.

Tang Yue 汤悦 (?-?)

Tang Yue was born Yin Chongyi, 殷崇义. He changed his name for the sake of bi hui 避讳. Tang Yue used to be the prime minister of South Tang kingdom 南唐.

Xu Xuan 徐铉 (917 – 992)

Xu Xuan used to be a high rank official in the South Tang court. His book Ji Shen Lu 稽神录 was cited in Taiping Guang Ji.

Song Bai 宋白 (933-1009)

Song Bai served in the court of Taizong and Zhenzong 真宗. He was involved in the compilation work of Taiping Yu Lan and Wen Yuan Ying Hua.

Zhang Zi 张洎 (933-996)

Zhang Zi used to be an official in the South Tang court. He was involved in the compilation work of Taiping Yu Lan and Wen Yuan Ying Hua.

3 Textual history and editions

After Taiping Guang Ji was compiled in 978, according to Wang Yulin 王应麟 noted in volume 54 of Yu Hai 玉海, the Song Taizu 宋太祖emperor order it to be officially published and distributed. But scholars at that time regarded this job was of less importance, and stored it into Taiqing Lou 太清楼 instead of published and distributed. Although it was not officially distributed, some scholars and literati did have access to it. Chao Jiong 晁迥 mentioned Taiping Guang Ji several times in his preface to Fa Cang Sui Jin Lu 法藏碎金录, which was written in 1027, with very specific volume number. It was one of the earliest mentions of this book we know today. It was also mentioned in Chong Wen Zong Mu 崇文总目, which was compiled in 1041. Several decades later, Su Shi 苏轼 and Chao Buzhi 晁补之 mentioned this book at their work. In late North Song dynasty, according to 晁公武, there were two books entitled Lu Ge Shi Lei鹿革事类 and Lu Ge Wen Lei 鹿革文类compiled by Cai Fan 蔡蕃based on the stories collected in Taiping Guang Ji.But both Chao Gongwu and later Zheng Qiao 郑樵, in Tongzhi Jao Chou Pian 通志·校雠篇, mistakenly thought that Taiping Guang Ji and Tai Ping Yu Lan are one book. In fact, the later one was finished five years after the former one. They are not one book.

The book became much more popular in South Song. During the reign of Gao Zong 高宗, it was officially published based on the Taiqing Lou carved edition keban 刻版, though maybe not necessarily for the first time.

Taiping Guang Ji was listed in histories and bibliographies since then, including:

Volume 260 of Song Shi宋史[History of Song]

Volume 13 of Junzhai Dushu Zhi 郡斋读书志 [Bibliography of Junzhai]

Volume 3 of Chong Wen Zong Mu 崇文总目[Bibliography of the Honored Texts]

Volume 3 of Shumu Da Wen 书目答问 [Question and Answers on Bibliographies]

Also，tt was frequently quoted in Jiu Wudai Shi旧五代史[Old History of Five Dynasties],Nan Ming Yeshi南明野史[Unofficial History of South Ming] and Si Ku Quan Shu Zong Mu Ti Yao 四库全书总目提要 [Summaries of Titles of Si Ku Quan Shu]

After one thousand years’ circulation and reprinting, there are various editions of Taiping Guang Ji in the world; some major ones are listed below:

The currently most available edition of Taiping Guang Ji first published by People’s Literature Press 人民文学出版社 in 1959, then by Zhong Hua Shu Ju 中华书局 in 1961, punctuated and emendated by Wang Shaoying 汪绍楹. This edition is based on Tan Kai’s edition (see below). Some other editions are also available.

1）Sun Qian孙潜 (1618-?) edition

Sun Qian was born in late Ming and an emendator of various works including Shui Jing Zhu水经注and Taiping Guang Ji. It consisted of 486 volumes, with the last 14 volumes missing.

2) Shen Yuwen 沈与文(1472-?) edition

Shen Yuwen was born in mid-Ming. He was a famous book collector and emendator among his contemporaries.

3) Chen Shan 陈鱣 (1753-1817) edition

Chen Shan was a famous emendator and scholar during the reign of Jia Qing 嘉庆. Chen did not emend the whole book, but only 151 volumes of it.

4) Tan Kai 谈恺 (1503-1568)edition

Tan Kai was an Ming official, mainly active during the reign of Jia Jing 嘉靖. Tan’s edition was the earliest available edition and the basis of most current editions. He also added Taiping Guang Ji Yin Yong Shu Mu太平广记引用书目 to the main book, a list of works that <Taiping Guang Ji> had cited from. This edition has become the basis of most editions after its time.

5) Movable type edition a.k.a. huo zi ben活字本

Emendator was not clear. It was mentioned in <Taiping Guang Ji Chao> 《太平广记钞》 by Feng Menglong 冯梦龙.

6) Xu Zichang 许自昌(1578-1623)edition

Carved and printed by Xu Zichang. This edition was mostly based on Tan’s edition. Xu made some annotation of duplicated stories, which are of certain helpfulness.

7) Huang Sheng 黄晟 (?- ?) edition, a.k.a. jin xiang ben 巾箱本

It was a reprint of Tan’s edition in 1753. Huang had made certain emendations, especially on missing or erroneous characters.

8) Yingyin Wen Yuan Ge Si Ku Quan Shu 影印文渊阁四库全书 edition

This edition was a manually copied edition so there might be some error during the copy process. According to scholar Zhang Guofeng 张国凤, it was actually based Huang’s edition (see edition 7).

4. Editions outside China

Korea: An early selection of Taiping Guang Ji is preserved in Korea. However, it is not a full version, but only a table of contents and some fragmented pieces. It was printed in 1462, even earlier than Tan’s edition, and thus of special significance.

It is not possible to ascertain when exactly Taiping Guang Ji was introduced into Korea. According to scholar Zhao Weiguo赵维国, it was very likely sometime between 1072 and 1080.

5. Modern Scholarship and indexes

Dars, Jaques. “Quelques aspects du fantastique dan la literature chinoise des Tang et des Song; Les histories de demons et de fantomes du Tai-ping Guang-Ji” Unpublished PhD. dissertation, Paris, 1965

Lu, Jintang 卢锦堂, Taiping Guang Ji Yin Shu Kao 太平广记引书考 [A Study of Cited Works in Taiping Guang Ji] (Taibei: Hua Mu Lan Press, 2006)
Luo, Xihou 罗锡厚, Zhou, Xueying 周雪瑛, Ma, Xuchuan马绪传, comps, Taiping Guang Ji Suo Yin《太平广记》索引 [Index of Taiping Guang Ji] (Beijing: Zhong Hua Shu Ju, 1982)

Teng, Ssu-yü 鄧嗣禹comps, T'aip'ing kuangchi p'ien mu chi yin-shu yin-te 太平廣記篇目及引書引得 [Index to section headings and titles of books quoted in the T'aip'ing kuangchi].(Peking: Harvard-Yenching Institute, 1934; rpt. Taipei: Chengwen Publishing Co., 1966; rpt. Shanghai: Shanghai Guji Chubanshe, 1990)

Wang, Xiumei 王秀梅, Wang, Hongbing 王泓冰comps, Taiping Guang Ji Suo Yin 《太平广记》索引 [Index of Taiping Guang Ji] (Beijing: Zhong Hua Shu Ju, 1996)
Yan, Yiping 严一萍 comps, Taiping Guang Ji Jiao Kan Ji 《太平广记》校勘记 [An emendation of Tai Ping Guang Ji], (Taibei: Yiwen Yin Shu Guan, 1970)
Zhang, Guofeng 张国风, Taiping Guang Ji Banben Kao Shu 《太平广记》版本考述 [A Study of Different Editions of Taiping Guang Ji] (Beijing: Zhong Hua Shu Ju, 2004)

Zhou CIji 周次吉 comps, Taiping Guang Ji Ren Ming Shu Ming Suo Yin 《太平广记》人名书名索引 [An index of names and titles of Taiping Guang Ji], (Taibei: Yiwen Yin Shu Guan, 1973

6. Bibliographies

Chao, Gongwu, Junzhai Du Shu Zhi 郡斋读书志 [Bibliographies of Junzhai] （electronic version）

Ji, Yun comps, Si Ku Quan Shu Zong Mu Ti Yao四库全书总目提要 [Summaries of Titles of Si Ku Quan Shu] (electronic version)

Nienhauser, William H comps, The Indiana Companion to Traditional Chinese Literature (Bloomington: Indianan University Press: 1984)

Zhang, Guofeng 张国风, Taiping Guang Ji Banben Kao Shu 《太平广记》版本考述 [A Study of Different Editions of Taiping Guang Ji] (Beijing: Zhong Hua Shu Ju, 2004)

wiki上，宋四大书之一的册府元龟被翻译为Prime Tortoise of the Record Bereau

10月9日报道 一个留学德国的硕士，在与曾经帮助过他的老同学发生矛盾后，通过网上广告找到两个湖北的杀手，并雇用他们来津追杀其同学。因感觉风险太大，并产生畏怯心理，雇凶者和杀手都放弃了原计划，但他们却无法逃脱法律的制裁。昨天，该案在本市南开区人民法院开庭审理。令人震惊的是，其中一名杀手居然是在校大学生。
周某与陈某是大学同学，大学毕业后周某前往德国留学，并取得硕士学位。2006年，周某回国后一时找不到适合的工作。在其迷惘之时，陈某向其伸出援手，在自己的公司里给他安排了一个工作，而且委托他给自己炒股。不仅如此，周某还欠了陈某数十万元钱。今年三四月间，陈某多次要求周某卖房还债，让周某怀恨在心，并产生雇人杀死陈某的念头。
为了寻找杀手，周某彻夜在网上进行查询。今年4月的一天，他在一个网站上看到一个帖子，发帖人自称自己是杀手，可以提供各种服务，并在帖子上留了电话。

归国硕士雇佣杀手追杀同学受审
为了与杀手联络，周某特意购买了一张电话卡，然后用此卡与远在湖北省天门市某村的男子欧阳璟取得联系。这个欧阳璟具有中专文化，无正当职业，终日泡在网上聊天、看不良信息。后来，他居然想出在网上发帖、受雇杀人的生财之道。
在受雇于周某之前，曾有多人在看到网上的广告后与欧阳璟取得联系，想雇他杀人，但因为定金等问题都未能谈成。今年4月接到周某的电话后，欧阳璟欣喜万分。在电话里，双方将雇用的价格定为4.5万元。
达成一致后，本无杀人经验的欧阳璟，自感身单力薄，成功把握不大，于是又通过网络纠集了在湖北省仙桃市某职业学院上学的大学生——同样有杀人兴趣的胡锋，与其一起来津作案。
4月中旬的一天，欧阳璟和胡锋乘火车来到天津，然后在河东区一个小公园与周某见了面。当时，欧阳璟允诺，一定要让陈某消失。此后，周某向欧阳璟等人分三次提供了3300余元杀人经费，并按他们的要求提供了陈某的身份证复印件和陈某住宅的钥匙。在此期间，欧阳璟、胡锋自觉杀死陈某风险太大，遂商议向陈某敲诈钱财。此后，他们多次给陈某打电话，称受人雇用对其进行追杀，让陈某掏8万元钱了事。今年5月13日，欧阳璟二人在南开区黄河道附近，向陈某索要钱财时，被民警抓获归案。
本次庭审之后，法官将择期对该案做出一审判决。

吴镇宇的《逆我者死》被转写为Ngaak Ngo Che Sei，简直离谱。

Ngaak的读音是厄，粤语中“厄”是骗的意思，所以这部片其实是《骗我者死》

港式拼音非常不科学，“大”和“太”都被拼成tai，而“柴”和“仔”又都被拼成chai，“翠”有时是tsui，有时是chui，“何”与“浩”经常都写成ho，所以何嘉浩就是Ho Ka Ho。简直低能。

至于维持这种低能的常见理由是：我们香港人的母语是广府话，因此拒绝使用汉语拼音系统，以免本地文化失传（当然，本来就没什么文化，确实很容易失传）。但港式拼音又难以系统教授，香港本地几所大学的研究人员设计的粤语拼音方案到现在还在推广阶段，结果香港人的粤语越说越差，“过”和“个”不分，“我”和“哦”不分，三种入声尾音随意搭配，所谓保存本地文化可谓痴人说梦，除非承认所谓本地文化就是不知所谓。另有香港人辩解：港式拼音其实是Wade-Giles拼音，但这些人往往不知道Wade-Giles汉语拉丁化的基础是北京音。

而同样低能的广州年轻人，放着标准的广府话不说，香港人的残疾粤语倒是学了不少。更低能的是部分非粤语区的中国人，这几年见了不少，非要把自己的名字写成港式拼音：黄=wong，吕=lui，吴=ng。